Multihull Structure Thoughts

The VPLP designed and Océan Development creation “MODX 70” is a new cruising catamaran that uses 100-percent renewable energy and has new technologies. This catamaran is features two automated propulsion systems: two inflatable wings on retractable masts and an electric motor system with variable pitch propellors for hydrogeneration. The cat has been sailing for a year now and is proving to be viable using wing sails and renewable energy power.

The MODX 70 is 70 x 32.9 foot with a weight of 50,700 lbs and a displacement of 57,300 lbs. The biplane rig has retractable 63 foot carbon fibre masts with inflatable sails (Aeroforce). Each sail is 1,345 square foot and can be “reefed” to 600 square foot. When fully “reefed”, the entire cat’s total height is 13.1 foot which will allow it under bridges etc. The sails are literally pumped up like a long balloon or an air inflated SUP. The draft is 6.5 foot over the low aspect keels and rudders. The engine power drivetrains 2 x 40 kW electric motors powered by propeller hydrogeneration at 10 knots that produces 3 kW and Solar panels that produce 12 kW. Batteries are 230 kWh. That is not a cheap installation but there are no backup generators. The cat is meant to be 100% renewable. The sail and mast controls are mainly automated and push button. The sail inflation requires a low pressure pump to be running continuously will the sails are up. The hydrogeneration and PV is also automated to take advantage of energy production under any circumstances.

The accommodation has 5 double berth cabins with ensuites in the hulls. There are 3 crew berths with a private crew area. The main saloon and integrated cockpit have the galley, seating and forward based helming and navigation area. The flying bridge also has a helming position.


The lightweight composite construction is the result of in-depth work with the VPLP firm and a pragmatic construction process (40 percent bio-sourced, 15 percent carbon, among other materials). The design of the MODX integrated bio sourced material such as flax fiber and linen fibers, cork (a CO2 positive material), a 38% bio-sourced epoxy resin and a PET foam integrating 30% of recycled components. In short, a foam glass composite of environmentally friendly materials. All of the products used throughout this design have been used and developed in other production boats. The MODX 70 is the first to bring all these technologies into one cat.

The MODX 70 has been sailing for a few years and has completed a 2,000 nautical miles voyage powered exclusively by wind and electric motors. The wing sails can generate up to 2.2 the power of a sloop rig for a given sail area and with computer controls can generate 6 knot speed in 5 to 10 knot wind speeds. Average speeds are in the 10 knot plus range with peak speeds approaching 20 knots. In short, the cat is living up to initial comments about sailing and renewable power capability.

The jpegs give the idea of a very interesting design.
 

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my "Wharram-period" in my life started in 75 with building a Maui (& ended with the sale of our Tangaroa in 88 after a 7 years rtw. I never saw- on any plans (Raka, Oro, Tane Nui,...) nor on the Oros, Hinemoa & Tane of friends of mine - any other rudder than a fixed one. Those were the generations before the lashing of the rudders. (which I never would consider for Ocean work, btw)
I had lashed rudders on a Tiki 30. We never crossed any oceans, but we found some big seas occasionally. I found the rope hinges to be excellent and had far more faith in them than the lashed beams or rudders so poorly designed you could barely tack with them (but they allowed the boat to sit on the mud).

He had some really clever ideas and others that only made it into production due to hubris.
 
This is an update on the Vessey VS9 foiling electric powered ferries that are running in Wellington NZ for a year now. NZ companies started to use some of the foiling and construction technology from their AC catamarans. The result is some very interesting and economically viable foiling ferries. By economically viable I am talking payback periods of under 2 years for the capitol purchase price and running cost for the first 2 years. The following ferry has a 20 year warranty. All this assumes you have an appropriate ferry run with reasonable passenger loads.

The Vessey VS-9 is a 29.3 x 10 foot catamaran foiler that weighs 7,392 lbs. The payload is 10 passengers plus 1 crew, with a total payload capacity of 2,200 lbs. The draft ranges from 1.5 to 5 foot over the movable foils. The power is a 110 KW EV battery that can cruise the foiler at 25 knots with a top speed of 30 knots. This battery size makes the VS-9 very practical. “It’s not any bigger than a car, so we can use Type 2 car chargers like on any vehicle without issue, which means we can charge in any marina with normal 22-kilowatt AC car chargers. The VS-9 was plugged into a standard Type 2 charger, having consumed roughly 18% of its battery for a 30-minute ride in the harbor. The fuel for this might have cost $83 in fossil fuel for a regular boat, but less than $5 of electricity for the VS-9. Assuming hydrofoil cruising, the VS-9 has a range of 50 miles with one passenger, dropping to 40 miles with the maximum 10 passengers. When foiling, energy consumption is around 2.5kWh per nautical mile.

The range at cruise is 40 to 50 nautical miles in seas of less than 2.5 foot seas. The above means if you have a route of say 20 miles, you could do a run every 1.4 hours or 10 runs a day with say 50% load at $25 per person per run, that equals $1250/day income. Small, but your energy running costs are $5/run, your “fuel” expenses are $50/day. Yes, a payback in 2 years is possible.

Back to the Vessev design. Basically, a catamaran hull that has a forward main support foil forward and an aft support foil with a centrally mounted electric engine and propeller unit aft. The foils were done by the same guys who designed the AC and GP 50 cat foils. In short foils that work over a range of about 15 knots to 35 knots that have adjustable flaps on them to optimise take off and low running drag.

The construction of the hull and cabin is carbon fibre foam glass epoxy. The foils are carbon fibre. The hull structure etc meets commercial survey ratings which means it has heavier hull layups than would be required for private use. (PS one of the Vessev VS-9 has been sold as a private cruising foiler). Vessev is the sort of crew that designs and manufactures every single component found aboard this foiler. From the motor, hull, rudders, and the entire electrical system which required a lot of R&D.

The hydrofoiling is not complicated for the boat’s pilot, as the transition is automatic. The foils are controlled by actuators and sensors of boat height and speed rather than operating manually. The boat takes off at 19 knots, that’s when the foils have enough lift to get out of the water. It cruises between 20 and 25 knots. That’s the most efficient. The top speed will be around 30 knots.” This makes for a non-uniform relationship between speed and efficiency. The drag on a hydrofoiling boat goes up until they lift out of the water, then it drops for a bit and then goes up a lot. To quote the builders “There is a certain speed where you'll be as efficient as a certain slow speed. We're as efficient at 25 knots as we are at 5 knots on the VS-9.”

The jpegs give the idea of the real ferry in action and some idea of the design.
 

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The Scarab 10 foot tri can be built in plywood or foam with a free standing mast, single sail and sliding tubes connecting the floats to the main hull, dagger board rudder and centreboard. The boat was designed to be sailed by one person or two small people. The boat was designed to be built using chines in plywood but on some Scarab 10’s built in foam the bilge panels on the main hull and floats were rounded off. The beams were also changed from aluminium sliding tubes to folding beams. The Scarab 10 in foam is slightly different, the rounded bilge with the slightly smaller deck allow the mast to be stepped on the floor. This will make it easier to rig. The folding beams are similar to the Scarab 18 and Scarab 650 (instead of sliding tubes) allowing the boat to fold.

The Scarab 10 is 10 x 9.25 foot with a beam that reduces to 7.2 foot with either sliding aluminium beams or folding Farrier type beams. The freestanding mast is 15.7 foot above deck with a 60 square foot fat head mainsail area. The length to beam on the main hull is about 8 to 1. The length to beam on the floats is 12 to 1. The draft is 2.5 foot over the main hull daggerboard.

The 10 is to be built using Gurit 10mm foam laminated with 200 gsm plain weave glass and polyester resin. It will take 9 sheets of foam to build this boat (2020mm x 1020mm). The panels were joined and laminated and lofted and cut out using a jig saw. The panels were attached to the building frame with dry-wall screws. It is important that the building frame is square and the distances between the frames is accurate especially bulkheads 4 and 8 as this is where the sliding tubes will be attached. Later 10’s were built with 6 mm foam. This is almost a flat panel construction technique. Please wet out the glass and foam properly as 200 gsm plain weave can be porous if insufficient resin is applied. Vacuum bagging or Resin infusion is best here.

The sliding beams are about 80 mm OD on the main hull with 75 mm OD inner tubes. The folding crossbeams take longer to build and require more folding aluminium struts and brackets but are easier to fold for trailering.

The timber Scarab 10 build is: Plywood (4mm Pacific maple)………………………………………………………………….… 8 sheets

Fibreglass tape (200 gsm 50 mm wide)…………………………………………..…..….. 210 metres

Fibreglass cloth (330gsm unidirectional)…………………………………………………. 1.5 metres

Epoxy resin (12 litres)………………………………………………………………………….…… 12 litres

Filleting powder……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 kg

Filler…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 500g

The initial jpeg is a timber version the following are the foam version. The plans are $100 Australian from Teamscarab.
 

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That is a VERY interesting design!,...and incorporates a LOT of new technologies in one package !!

Wonder were the motors and driveline system is?



The VPLP designed and Océan Development creation “MODX 70” is a new cruising catamaran that uses 100-percent renewable energy and has new technologies. This catamaran is features two automated propulsion systems: two inflatable wings on retractable masts and an electric motor system with variable pitch propellors for hydrogeneration. The cat has been sailing for a year now and is proving to be viable using wing sails and renewable energy power.

The MODX 70 is 70 x 32.9 foot with a weight of 50,700 lbs and a displacement of 57,300 lbs. The biplane rig has retractable 63 foot carbon fibre masts with inflatable sails (Aeroforce). Each sail is 1,345 square foot and can be “reefed” to 600 square foot. When fully “reefed”, the entire cat’s total height is 13.1 foot which will allow it under bridges etc. The sails are literally pumped up like a long balloon or an air inflated SUP. The draft is 6.5 foot over the low aspect keels and rudders. The engine power drivetrains 2 x 40 kW electric motors powered by propeller hydrogeneration at 10 knots that produces 3 kW and Solar panels that produce 12 kW. Batteries are 230 kWh. That is not a cheap installation but there are no backup generators. The cat is meant to be 100% renewable. The sail and mast controls are mainly automated and push button. The sail inflation requires a low pressure pump to be running continuously will the sails are up. The hydrogeneration and PV is also automated to take advantage of energy production under any circumstances.

The accommodation has 5 double berth cabins with ensuites in the hulls. There are 3 crew berths with a private crew area. The main saloon and integrated cockpit have the galley, seating and forward based helming and navigation area. The flying bridge also has a helming position.


The lightweight composite construction is the result of in-depth work with the VPLP firm and a pragmatic construction process (40 percent bio-sourced, 15 percent carbon, among other materials). The design of the MODX integrated bio sourced material such as flax fiber and linen fibers, cork (a CO2 positive material), a 38% bio-sourced epoxy resin and a PET foam integrating 30% of recycled components. In short, a foam glass composite of environmentally friendly materials. All of the products used throughout this design have been used and developed in other production boats. The MODX 70 is the first to bring all these technologies into one cat.

The MODX 70 has been sailing for a few years and has completed a 2,000 nautical miles voyage powered exclusively by wind and electric motors. The wing sails can generate up to 2.2 the power of a sloop rig for a given sail area and with computer controls can generate 6 knot speed in 5 to 10 knot wind speeds. Average speeds are in the 10 knot plus range with peak speeds approaching 20 knots. In short, the cat is living up to initial comments about sailing and renewable power capability.

The jpegs give the idea of a very interesting design.

That is a VERY interesting design!,...and incorporates a LOT of new technologies in one package !!
 
The Scarab 10 foot tri can be built in plywood or foam with a free standing mast, single sail and sliding tubes connecting the floats to the main hull, dagger board rudder and centreboard. The boat was designed to be sailed by one person or two small people. The boat was designed to be built using chines in plywood but on some Scarab 10’s built in foam the bilge panels on the main hull and floats were rounded off. The beams were also changed from aluminium sliding tubes to folding beams. The Scarab 10 in foam is slightly different, the rounded bilge with the slightly smaller deck allow the mast to be stepped on the floor. This will make it easier to rig. The folding beams are similar to the Scarab 18 and Scarab 650 (instead of sliding tubes) allowing the boat to fold.

The Scarab 10 is 10 x 9.25 foot with a beam that reduces to 7.2 foot with either sliding aluminium beams or folding Farrier type beams. The freestanding mast is 15.7 foot above deck with a 60 square foot fat head mainsail area. The length to beam on the main hull is about 8 to 1. The length to beam on the floats is 12 to 1. The draft is 2.5 foot over the main hull daggerboard.

The 10 is to be built using Gurit 10mm foam laminated with 200 gsm plain weave glass and polyester resin. It will take 9 sheets of foam to build this boat (2020mm x 1020mm). The panels were joined and laminated and lofted and cut out using a jig saw. The panels were attached to the building frame with dry-wall screws. It is important that the building frame is square and the distances between the frames is accurate especially bulkheads 4 and 8 as this is where the sliding tubes will be attached. Later 10’s were built with 6 mm foam. This is almost a flat panel construction technique. Please wet out the glass and foam properly as 200 gsm plain weave can be porous if insufficient resin is applied. Vacuum bagging or Resin infusion is best here.

The sliding beams are about 80 mm OD on the main hull with 75 mm OD inner tubes. The folding crossbeams take longer to build and require more folding aluminium struts and brackets but are easier to fold for trailering.

The timber Scarab 10 build is: Plywood (4mm Pacific maple)………………………………………………………………….… 8 sheets

Fibreglass tape (200 gsm 50 mm wide)…………………………………………..…..….. 210 metres

Fibreglass cloth (330gsm unidirectional)…………………………………………………. 1.5 metres

Epoxy resin (12 litres)………………………………………………………………………….…… 12 litres

Filleting powder……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 kg

Filler…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 500g

The initial jpeg is a timber version the following are the foam version. The plans are $100 Australian from Teamscarab.
Weight +/- ?
 
Skip. Weight about 150 lbs but it very much depends on the x arms and if it is in foam or plywood. Some are lighter if in foam and with tube x arms. This is a tri where your weight is a consideration.
 
The following is a K design proposal done by Bernd Kohler. The concept of the T 85 appears to be a trawler with auxiliary sails. The motive power is solar, batteries, electric. There is 6,400 watts of solar panels feeding into at least one 800 amp hour lithium phosphate battery. An alternate power option is a 15 HP outboard.

The Trawler is 27.9 x 13.7 foot with a weight of 3,307 lbs and a displacement of 6,615 lbs. A mast aft rig that is 22.5 foot of the cabin roof carrying a dual jib rig of 2 x 183 square foot headsails, one to each bow on roller furling forestays.

There is 6 foot headroom in the main cabin and in the hulls forward. There is a single berth and a double berth cabin forward. In the main saloon is a galley, seating and table and a internal helming position. Very good for the colder weather in Holland etc.

Construction is a plywood epoxy composite.

The 3 JPEGs will give an idea.
 

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@oldmulti where did you find this info about the T 85 trawler cat please?

I have tried looking on Bernd's webpage, but there is nothing there, and Google is not bringing up anything.
 
The Race to Alaska in 2015 had a proa entered called “Palindrome”. Palindrome was designed to be “the most boat we could get for the money”, said Dillon Majoros the designer and part builder. The proa is a creative blend of skin-on-frame hull construction for the main hull and the float a stitch-and-glue epoxy/plywood construction. Dillon had entered the full race with two of his friends. In Florida they designed a boat, then pooled their pennies to build it and buy a school bus to get them and their boat to Port Townsend. With a week to go the two friends bail out, but Dillon perseveres, getting to Port Townsend with a half finished experimental boat on the day before the race was to start. He stayed up all night to get the boat put together and on June 4th, Dillon took a hard swallow and decided to opt out of the R2Ak.

Palindrome is 30 x 12 foot that weighed 450 lbs at launch and uses a cut down Hobie 16 mast that supports a crab claw rig with bamboo yards and a 195 sq. ft. Tyvek® polyethylene sail. The main hull is 30 x 2 foot with an additional 2 foot “pod extension”. The float being 15 x 1 foot. No idea of the draft over the kickup rudders.

The accommodation is basic at best 2 single bunks and some storage space in the original configuration. The proa has been sold and is now being modified for some additional accommodation.

The skin on frame main hull is very light, Dillon said the wood frame and nylon hull was the quickest part to build - no sanding! The frame has 4 stringers per side plus a keel line. There are 10 bulkheads/frames of 12 mm plywood frames with a plywood deck. The skin on frame hull is flexible as the nylon material depends on the frame to provide the majority of the strength. A ply/epoxy deck cabin acts like a stiffening spine giving the flexible hull the stiffness it needs to handle the loads of the sailing rig. the float a stitch-and-glue epoxy/plywood construction. The beams are ply/epoxy box section.

The 195 sq. ft. Tyvek® polyethylene sail can be shunted quickly and easy (for a proa) thanks to a clever system of blocks and tackle that pull the yard from “old bow” to “new bow” in a few seconds, with the mast tilt and stays automatically adjusting. Leeway prevention is handled by a single “weather” board in the center. The board pivots fore and aft to adjust the CLR and to avoid damage in groundings. Steering is by quarter-rudders, which also flip up. Only one rudder (aft) is used at a time. The rudders work well and Dillon reports that steering the boat is a single-finger affair, however he’s had a bit of trouble keeping them properly attached.

“Palindrome” sails well. It is controllable, relatively easy to tack and fast on many points of sail according to some comments. The initial power trial produced 9.4 knots from a 4 HP outboard.

Steve Ladd now owns “Palindrome” and is converting it to a tacking proa named “Pepper” with more cabin space and higher bows. The new tacking proa has the skin removed on the main hull and it has been replaced by foam glass panels using the original framework. Steve Ladd has a you tube channel - Steve’s proa “Palindrome” becomes “pepper”.


Interesting proa of unusual construction. Good fun. The jpegs give an idea.
 

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Re the above, Hmm..... what can I say ?
"Everyone to their own" & "as long as he is happy" (which he appears to be ?)
 
You need to be careful in messing around with such craft. The good parts can get under your skin and lead you down a long path of searching for answers to the not quite so good.
 
The Hydrofoil F1 is a sailing hydrofoil designed and built in Germany. The designer builder is convinced that it is the fastest production sail boat in the world on all points of sail. It is a lightweight 2 seater day sailor that can be disassembled to be trailed.

The Hydrofoil F1 is 18 x 12 foot in the water with foils up and 16 foot beam overall with foils down. The entire package is under 7 foot when disassembled. The weight is 306 lbs and can carry 2 people (max about 350 lbs). The sail area is 150 square foot on a freestanding carbon mast. Claimed top speed is 42 knots.

The foiling system is computer controlled using a bike derived battery and bike charging system. The computer controls the foil angle of attack on the bottom of the T foils. When sailing to windward there is a positive angle of attack on the lee foil and a negative angle of attack on the windward foil to maintain a near level flight. The aft rudder foil maintains the fore and aft balance of the tri. The steering is done by foot pedals connect to the aft rudder foil.

The control console in the aft cockpit gives hydrofoil angle-of-attack, GPS co-ordinates, GPS-based speed, battery charge level (4 to 6 hours "flight" time depending on the wind) and main On/Off switch. For charging, and to deter thieves, or the complete dashboard including computer and battery can be removed from the boat.

All components of the hydrofoil F1 are German-made, using epoxy-resin carbon fibre, according to the newest lightweight manufacturing techniques, coupled with the highest rigidity. The F! is designed to aerodynamically handle 100 kph wind speeds. The hulls are made of carbon sandwich material (the weight is only 10.2 kg !) are connected to the platform using the force of friction, and each hull is fixed to the platform using just 1 screw. This means that the complete catamaran can be assembled using just 4 screws, which is what the boat can be assembled so quickly.

The designer claims that an inexperienced foiling sailor will be able to sail well within a short time. They will need to as travelling at 40 knots mean things happen quickly even with computer assistance. The jpegs give the idea of the ever increasing world of foiling day sailors.
 

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